{"id":120,"date":"2024-12-12T23:36:10","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T23:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/chapter\/2-4-sources-of-geoenvironment-contamination\/"},"modified":"2026-03-16T13:54:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T13:54:48","slug":"2-4-sources-of-geoenvironment-contamination","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/chapter\/2-4-sources-of-geoenvironment-contamination\/","title":{"raw":"2.4 Sources of geoenvironment contamination","rendered":"2.4 Sources of geoenvironment contamination"},"content":{"raw":"Sources of groundwater and subsoil contamination include:\n<h1>Natural processes<\/h1>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Dissolution of rock salt during the percolation of groundwater, which results in an increase in chlorides, sulphates, nitrates and iron ions concentration.<\/li>\n \t<li>Increase in salt concentration during evapotranspiration of shallow perched groundwater.<\/li>\n \t<li>Exposure of acid sulfate soils to oxygen through drainage or disturbance. Acid sulphate soils are widespread along the NSW coast.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Human activities related to waste management<\/h1>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Industrial liquid waste stored in surface reservoirs, as in the case of Hinkley, CA mentioned earlier (<a href=\"https:\/\/oercollective.caul.edu.au\/app\/uploads\/sites\/143\/2024\/12\/2.6-replace-e1747989153897.png\">Figure 2.6<\/a>).<\/li>\n \t<li>Urban and industrial solid waste deposited in aboveground and underground repositories, as in the case of Love Canal mentioned earlier.<\/li>\n \t<li>Treated or untreated urban sewage deposited into the soil.<\/li>\n \t<li>Solid and liquid waste industrial byproducts e.g., tailings or flying ash deposited into the soil.<\/li>\n \t<li>Improperly disposed livestock waste.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Other human activities\/Accidents<\/h1>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Agriculture: use of pesticides, insecticides and fertilisers.<\/li>\n \t<li>Accidents during transportation or deposition e.g., derailing of a train transporting environmentally hazardous materials.<\/li>\n \t<li>Failure of engineering projects e.g., rupture of a sewage pipeline during an earthquake.<\/li>\n \t<li>Leakage of contaminants through their storage facilities\/tanks.<\/li>\n \t<li>Uncontrolled waste disposal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<p>Sources of groundwater and subsoil contamination include:<\/p>\n<h1>Natural processes<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>Dissolution of rock salt during the percolation of groundwater, which results in an increase in chlorides, sulphates, nitrates and iron ions concentration.<\/li>\n<li>Increase in salt concentration during evapotranspiration of shallow perched groundwater.<\/li>\n<li>Exposure of acid sulfate soils to oxygen through drainage or disturbance. Acid sulphate soils are widespread along the NSW coast.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Human activities related to waste management<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>Industrial liquid waste stored in surface reservoirs, as in the case of Hinkley, CA mentioned earlier (<a href=\"https:\/\/oercollective.caul.edu.au\/app\/uploads\/sites\/143\/2024\/12\/2.6-replace-e1747989153897.png\">Figure 2.6<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>Urban and industrial solid waste deposited in aboveground and underground repositories, as in the case of Love Canal mentioned earlier.<\/li>\n<li>Treated or untreated urban sewage deposited into the soil.<\/li>\n<li>Solid and liquid waste industrial byproducts e.g., tailings or flying ash deposited into the soil.<\/li>\n<li>Improperly disposed livestock waste.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Other human activities\/Accidents<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>Agriculture: use of pesticides, insecticides and fertilisers.<\/li>\n<li>Accidents during transportation or deposition e.g., derailing of a train transporting environmentally hazardous materials.<\/li>\n<li>Failure of engineering projects e.g., rupture of a sewage pipeline during an earthquake.<\/li>\n<li>Leakage of contaminants through their storage facilities\/tanks.<\/li>\n<li>Uncontrolled waste disposal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"2.4 Sources of geoenvironment contamination","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-120","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":106,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/120\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":121,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/120\/revisions\/121"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/106"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/120\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=120"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=120"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/fundamentalsoffoundationengineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}