{"id":25,"date":"2025-07-04T22:04:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-04T22:04:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/chapter\/microsoft-excel\/"},"modified":"2026-03-16T11:15:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T11:15:53","slug":"microsoft-excel","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/chapter\/microsoft-excel\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Microsoft Excel","rendered":"Introduction to Microsoft Excel"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"excel-notes\">\n\nMicrosoft Excel is a spreadsheet application developed by Microsoft that serves as a cornerstone for data management, analysis, modeling, and visualization. Excel is used globally across industries such as finance, engineering, logistics, healthcare, education, and research for both basic recordkeeping and complex problem-solving.\n\nExcel offers a grid-based interface where users can input, manipulate, calculate, and analyze data using built-in functions, charts, macros, pivot tables, and external integrations. It blends ease of use with powerful tools to serve both beginners and advanced professionals.\n<h2><strong>History of MS Excel<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Released in 1985 for Macintosh, and in 1987 for Windows as part of the Microsoft Office suite.<\/li>\n \t<li>Superseded Lotus 1-2-3 by the early 1990s and became the industry standard for spreadsheets.<\/li>\n \t<li>Continually updated with new tools like Power Query, Power Pivot, and dynamic arrays.<\/li>\n \t<li>Modern Excel integrates cloud capabilities via Microsoft 365, allowing real-time collaboration and version control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Key Features<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Cross-Platform Availability:<\/strong> Available on Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, and via web browser.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Formulas and Functions:<\/strong> Supports over 450 built-in functions, including statistical, logical, text, lookup, and financial functions.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Pivot Tables and Charts:<\/strong> Summarize large datasets, create reports, and visualize data trends.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Conditional Formatting:<\/strong> Highlight data patterns, outliers, and criteria using color scales, icons, and rules.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Data Validation:<\/strong> Prevents entry errors with dropdowns, ranges, and restrictions.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Power Query:<\/strong> Enables data transformation, merging, and cleaning from multiple sources like CSV, SQL, JSON, and SharePoint.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Power Pivot:<\/strong> Handles large datasets and builds data models with relationships and DAX formulas.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>VBA Macros:<\/strong> Automates tasks, customizes workflows, and adds interactivity via Visual Basic for Applications.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Dynamic Arrays:<\/strong> Automatically spill values across ranges with functions like FILTER, SORT, SEQUENCE, UNIQUE, and XLOOKUP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Purpose of MS Excel<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Data Representation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Organize numeric and textual data into tables for easier analysis and interpretation.<\/li>\n \t<li>Create visually appealing dashboards using charts, slicers, and form controls.<\/li>\n \t<li>Use sparklines, bar charts, and line graphs for dynamic visualizations within cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Data Management<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Store and maintain structured data records, including inventory lists, financial ledgers, and client databases.<\/li>\n \t<li>Sort and filter records to extract meaningful insights or identify trends and exceptions.<\/li>\n \t<li>Track revisions, validate inputs, and link across sheets or workbooks to maintain relational data structures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Automation of Official Work<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Create reusable templates for monthly reports, payrolls, invoices, and schedules.<\/li>\n \t<li>Automate routine calculations such as tax deductions, profit margins, or grade averages.<\/li>\n \t<li>Develop macros to execute repetitive tasks like formatting, data import, or sending emails.<\/li>\n \t<li>Connect with Power Automate for advanced workflow automation between Excel and other Microsoft 365 services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Importance of MS Excel<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>User-Friendliness<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Clear layout, ribbon interface, and intuitive menu structure make it easy for beginners to learn quickly.<\/li>\n \t<li>Extensive online support via forums, documentation, Microsoft Learn, YouTube tutorials, and third-party courses.<\/li>\n \t<li>Help features like AutoComplete, IntelliSense, and formula auditing reduce user errors and learning curves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Versatility<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Functions for financial modeling, engineering formulas, data science, and statistical analysis.<\/li>\n \t<li>Widely used in small businesses, academic research, government agencies, and multinational corporations.<\/li>\n \t<li>Suitable for budgeting, forecasting, simulations, scheduling, and inventory management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Microsoft Excel Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Excel Graphical User Interface (GUI)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Quick Access Toolbar:<\/strong> Lets users pin frequent commands for fast access.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Ribbon Tabs:<\/strong> Categorized tabs such as Home, Insert, Formulas, Data, Review, and View.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Formula Bar:<\/strong> Shows and allows editing of cell contents and formulas.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Cells, Rows, and Columns:<\/strong> Data is entered in cells (e.g., A1), forming a grid structure of rows and columns.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Worksheet View Options:<\/strong> Toggle between Normal, Page Layout, and Page Break Preview to prepare print-ready content.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Status Bar:<\/strong> Provides summary info like average, count, sum, and alerts for Caps Lock or Macro recording.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Sheet Tabs:<\/strong> Navigate between sheets and rename or color-code them for better organization.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Zoom Control:<\/strong> Adjusts visual magnification for more comfortable viewing or presentation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Workbooks and Worksheets<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Workbook:<\/strong> The entire Excel file containing one or more worksheets, macros, models, and charts.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Worksheet:<\/strong> Individual sheet used for calculations, data entry, and visualizations.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Sheet Management:<\/strong> Add, delete, move, copy, hide\/unhide, or protect sheets using right-click options.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Multiple Sheet Linking:<\/strong> Use formulas to link values across sheets (e.g., =Sheet2!A1).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Opening and Saving Workbooks and Worksheets<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>File Menu:<\/strong> Offers options for creating, opening, saving, exporting, and printing workbooks.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Formats:<\/strong> Save as .xlsx (standard), .xlsm (with macros), .csv (for text data), or .pdf (for sharing).<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>AutoSave:<\/strong> Automatically saves changes in cloud-stored workbooks (OneDrive or SharePoint).<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Version History:<\/strong> Recover previous versions or undo accidental deletions from cloud-stored files.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Consolidating Multiple Excel Sheets Into One Sheet<\/strong><\/h2>\nExcel\u2019s Consolidate tool enables combining data from multiple sources for summary reporting or comparison.\n<h3><strong>Steps for Consolidation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Ensure all source sheets follow a consistent layout, including column headers and data structure.<\/li>\n \t<li>Navigate to Data \u2192 Consolidate and select a function (SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, etc.).<\/li>\n \t<li>Use the Reference field to select data ranges from various sheets or workbooks.<\/li>\n \t<li>Check \u201cTop row\u201d or \u201cLeft column\u201d to use labels during consolidation.<\/li>\n \t<li>Click OK to generate the consolidated summary on the active sheet.<\/li>\n \t<li>Optionally use Power Query for more dynamic and refreshable consolidations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Advanced Capabilities<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Solver Add-In:<\/strong> Find optimal solutions for linear programming and decision-making problems.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Scenario Manager:<\/strong> Compare multiple what-if scenarios and their impacts on outcomes.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Forecast Sheets:<\/strong> Use historical time-series data to automatically generate trend forecasts.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Data Modeling:<\/strong> Use relationships between tables and DAX formulas for deep analysis via Power Pivot.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Real-Time Collaboration:<\/strong> Co-author documents, leave threaded comments, and chat directly within files.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Integration with Other Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Power BI:<\/strong> Import Excel models for advanced visualization and interactive dashboards.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Access:<\/strong> Connect Excel with databases for reporting or cleaning raw SQL data.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Python (new integration):<\/strong> Execute Python scripts inside Excel with support for data science libraries (e.g., pandas, matplotlib).<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Other Applications:<\/strong> Link with Word, Outlook, or ERP systems like SAP for automated data workflows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Use Cases in Civil Engineering<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Structural Analysis:<\/strong> Use Excel to calculate reactions, shear forces, and bending moments using formulas, conditional formatting, and data tables.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Concrete Mix Design:<\/strong> Build templates for computing mix proportions based on standards and field requirements.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Quantity Estimation and BOQ:<\/strong> Automate material quantity takeoffs and generate Bills of Quantities for construction projects.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Project Scheduling:<\/strong> Create simple Gantt charts to track construction timelines and milestones.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Cost Estimation and Budgeting:<\/strong> Model labor, materials, and equipment costs with real-time updates and scenario analysis.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Survey Data Processing:<\/strong> Analyze leveling and topographic survey data, including area and volume calculations.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Stormwater Design:<\/strong> Calculate runoff coefficients and size drainage structures based on rainfall data.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Earthwork Calculations:<\/strong> Estimate cut-and-fill volumes using cross-section or grid methods within spreadsheets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Further Reading<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Textbook:<\/strong> Hossain, E. (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-030-71036-1\"><em>Excel Crash Course for Engineers<\/em><\/a>. Springer.\nA practical guide covering essential Excel tools tailored for engineering applications, including data analysis, charting, optimization, and automation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nMicrosoft Excel continues to evolve as a robust, indispensable platform for analytical work. With powerful formulas, automation, visual tools, and integrations, Excel is far more than just a spreadsheet, it's a complete solution for data intelligence, problem-solving, and decision-making.\n\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"excel-notes\">\n<p>Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application developed by Microsoft that serves as a cornerstone for data management, analysis, modeling, and visualization. Excel is used globally across industries such as finance, engineering, logistics, healthcare, education, and research for both basic recordkeeping and complex problem-solving.<\/p>\n<p>Excel offers a grid-based interface where users can input, manipulate, calculate, and analyze data using built-in functions, charts, macros, pivot tables, and external integrations. It blends ease of use with powerful tools to serve both beginners and advanced professionals.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>History of MS Excel<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Released in 1985 for Macintosh, and in 1987 for Windows as part of the Microsoft Office suite.<\/li>\n<li>Superseded Lotus 1-2-3 by the early 1990s and became the industry standard for spreadsheets.<\/li>\n<li>Continually updated with new tools like Power Query, Power Pivot, and dynamic arrays.<\/li>\n<li>Modern Excel integrates cloud capabilities via Microsoft 365, allowing real-time collaboration and version control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Key Features<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cross-Platform Availability:<\/strong> Available on Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, and via web browser.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formulas and Functions:<\/strong> Supports over 450 built-in functions, including statistical, logical, text, lookup, and financial functions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pivot Tables and Charts:<\/strong> Summarize large datasets, create reports, and visualize data trends.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditional Formatting:<\/strong> Highlight data patterns, outliers, and criteria using color scales, icons, and rules.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Data Validation:<\/strong> Prevents entry errors with dropdowns, ranges, and restrictions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Power Query:<\/strong> Enables data transformation, merging, and cleaning from multiple sources like CSV, SQL, JSON, and SharePoint.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Power Pivot:<\/strong> Handles large datasets and builds data models with relationships and DAX formulas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>VBA Macros:<\/strong> Automates tasks, customizes workflows, and adds interactivity via Visual Basic for Applications.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dynamic Arrays:<\/strong> Automatically spill values across ranges with functions like FILTER, SORT, SEQUENCE, UNIQUE, and XLOOKUP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Purpose of MS Excel<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Data Representation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Organize numeric and textual data into tables for easier analysis and interpretation.<\/li>\n<li>Create visually appealing dashboards using charts, slicers, and form controls.<\/li>\n<li>Use sparklines, bar charts, and line graphs for dynamic visualizations within cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Data Management<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Store and maintain structured data records, including inventory lists, financial ledgers, and client databases.<\/li>\n<li>Sort and filter records to extract meaningful insights or identify trends and exceptions.<\/li>\n<li>Track revisions, validate inputs, and link across sheets or workbooks to maintain relational data structures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Automation of Official Work<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Create reusable templates for monthly reports, payrolls, invoices, and schedules.<\/li>\n<li>Automate routine calculations such as tax deductions, profit margins, or grade averages.<\/li>\n<li>Develop macros to execute repetitive tasks like formatting, data import, or sending emails.<\/li>\n<li>Connect with Power Automate for advanced workflow automation between Excel and other Microsoft 365 services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Importance of MS Excel<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>User-Friendliness<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Clear layout, ribbon interface, and intuitive menu structure make it easy for beginners to learn quickly.<\/li>\n<li>Extensive online support via forums, documentation, Microsoft Learn, YouTube tutorials, and third-party courses.<\/li>\n<li>Help features like AutoComplete, IntelliSense, and formula auditing reduce user errors and learning curves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Versatility<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Functions for financial modeling, engineering formulas, data science, and statistical analysis.<\/li>\n<li>Widely used in small businesses, academic research, government agencies, and multinational corporations.<\/li>\n<li>Suitable for budgeting, forecasting, simulations, scheduling, and inventory management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Microsoft Excel Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Excel Graphical User Interface (GUI)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Quick Access Toolbar:<\/strong> Lets users pin frequent commands for fast access.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ribbon Tabs:<\/strong> Categorized tabs such as Home, Insert, Formulas, Data, Review, and View.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formula Bar:<\/strong> Shows and allows editing of cell contents and formulas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cells, Rows, and Columns:<\/strong> Data is entered in cells (e.g., A1), forming a grid structure of rows and columns.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Worksheet View Options:<\/strong> Toggle between Normal, Page Layout, and Page Break Preview to prepare print-ready content.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Status Bar:<\/strong> Provides summary info like average, count, sum, and alerts for Caps Lock or Macro recording.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sheet Tabs:<\/strong> Navigate between sheets and rename or color-code them for better organization.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zoom Control:<\/strong> Adjusts visual magnification for more comfortable viewing or presentation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Workbooks and Worksheets<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Workbook:<\/strong> The entire Excel file containing one or more worksheets, macros, models, and charts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Worksheet:<\/strong> Individual sheet used for calculations, data entry, and visualizations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sheet Management:<\/strong> Add, delete, move, copy, hide\/unhide, or protect sheets using right-click options.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Multiple Sheet Linking:<\/strong> Use formulas to link values across sheets (e.g., =Sheet2!A1).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Opening and Saving Workbooks and Worksheets<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>File Menu:<\/strong> Offers options for creating, opening, saving, exporting, and printing workbooks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formats:<\/strong> Save as .xlsx (standard), .xlsm (with macros), .csv (for text data), or .pdf (for sharing).<\/li>\n<li><strong>AutoSave:<\/strong> Automatically saves changes in cloud-stored workbooks (OneDrive or SharePoint).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Version History:<\/strong> Recover previous versions or undo accidental deletions from cloud-stored files.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Consolidating Multiple Excel Sheets Into One Sheet<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Excel\u2019s Consolidate tool enables combining data from multiple sources for summary reporting or comparison.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Steps for Consolidation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensure all source sheets follow a consistent layout, including column headers and data structure.<\/li>\n<li>Navigate to Data \u2192 Consolidate and select a function (SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, etc.).<\/li>\n<li>Use the Reference field to select data ranges from various sheets or workbooks.<\/li>\n<li>Check \u201cTop row\u201d or \u201cLeft column\u201d to use labels during consolidation.<\/li>\n<li>Click OK to generate the consolidated summary on the active sheet.<\/li>\n<li>Optionally use Power Query for more dynamic and refreshable consolidations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Advanced Capabilities<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Solver Add-In:<\/strong> Find optimal solutions for linear programming and decision-making problems.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scenario Manager:<\/strong> Compare multiple what-if scenarios and their impacts on outcomes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Forecast Sheets:<\/strong> Use historical time-series data to automatically generate trend forecasts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Data Modeling:<\/strong> Use relationships between tables and DAX formulas for deep analysis via Power Pivot.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Real-Time Collaboration:<\/strong> Co-author documents, leave threaded comments, and chat directly within files.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Integration with Other Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Power BI:<\/strong> Import Excel models for advanced visualization and interactive dashboards.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Access:<\/strong> Connect Excel with databases for reporting or cleaning raw SQL data.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Python (new integration):<\/strong> Execute Python scripts inside Excel with support for data science libraries (e.g., pandas, matplotlib).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other Applications:<\/strong> Link with Word, Outlook, or ERP systems like SAP for automated data workflows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Use Cases in Civil Engineering<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Structural Analysis:<\/strong> Use Excel to calculate reactions, shear forces, and bending moments using formulas, conditional formatting, and data tables.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Concrete Mix Design:<\/strong> Build templates for computing mix proportions based on standards and field requirements.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quantity Estimation and BOQ:<\/strong> Automate material quantity takeoffs and generate Bills of Quantities for construction projects.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Project Scheduling:<\/strong> Create simple Gantt charts to track construction timelines and milestones.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cost Estimation and Budgeting:<\/strong> Model labor, materials, and equipment costs with real-time updates and scenario analysis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Survey Data Processing:<\/strong> Analyze leveling and topographic survey data, including area and volume calculations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stormwater Design:<\/strong> Calculate runoff coefficients and size drainage structures based on rainfall data.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Earthwork Calculations:<\/strong> Estimate cut-and-fill volumes using cross-section or grid methods within spreadsheets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Further Reading<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Textbook:<\/strong> Hossain, E. (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-030-71036-1\"><em>Excel Crash Course for Engineers<\/em><\/a>. Springer.<br \/>\nA practical guide covering essential Excel tools tailored for engineering applications, including data analysis, charting, optimization, and automation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Microsoft Excel continues to evolve as a robust, indispensable platform for analytical work. With powerful formulas, automation, visual tools, and integrations, Excel is far more than just a spreadsheet, it&#8217;s a complete solution for data intelligence, problem-solving, and decision-making.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-25","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25\/revisions\/26"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=25"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=25"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/civilengineeringtools\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}