{"id":45,"date":"2020-07-02T13:18:37","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T13:18:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/chapter\/input-output-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-03-16T13:48:26","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T13:48:26","slug":"input-output-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/chapter\/input-output-diagrams\/","title":{"raw":"Input-Output Diagrams","rendered":"Input-Output Diagrams"},"content":{"raw":"
<\/div>\n
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Learning Objectives<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

\n\nBy the end of this section, you should be able to:\n\nCreate <\/strong>input-output diagrams\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Input-Output Diagrams<\/h2>\nThese diagrams are considered to be the simplest of process flow sheets. In input-output diagrams, the entire process is represented by 1 block only. They usually only reference the main process streams in and out of a process.\n\n\"\"\n
\n
\n

Example: Ammonia Production Input-output Diagram<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

\n\nConsider an ammonia production process where 3 main streams of raw materials enter the process:\n
    \n \t
  • 700 tons\/day of methane<\/li>\n \t
  • 1590 tons\/day of water<\/li>\n \t
  • 1650 tons\/day of nitrogen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe process produces 2 main product streams:\n
      \n \t
    • 2000 tons\/day of ammonia<\/li>\n \t
    • 1940 tons\/day of carbon dioxide<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nWe can put together the following input-output diagram for this process:\n\n\"\"\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n \n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      <\/div>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      Exercise: Benzene Production Input-output Diagram<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n\nConsider a process where toluene is fed into a process at 1000 kg\/hr and hydrogen is fed at 82 kg\/hr. The following reaction takes place in the process:\n

      [latex]C_{7}H_{8} + H_{2} \u27a1 C_{6}H_{6} + CH_{4}[\/latex]<\/p>\nThe reaction achieves 75% conversion and the products of the process are separated into 2 streams. The first product stream is benzene, exiting at 821 kg\/hr. The second product stream is a mixed gas stream (including the unreacted reactants and by-products) exiting at 261 kg\/hr. Draw an input-output diagram for this process.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \n
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      Solution<\/h3>\n\"\"\n\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      Exercise: Production of Vinyl Chloride<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

      \n\nOur client wants to produce 360,000 tonnes\/yr (800 million lbs\/yr) of vinyl chloride monomer. We decide to use the following reaction pathway, which contains two reaction steps as follows:\n\n[latex]C_{2}H_{4} + Cl_{2} \u2192 C_{2}H_{4}Cl_{2} (1)[\/latex]\n\n[latex]C_{2}H_{4}Cl_{2} \u2192 C_{2}H_{3}Cl + HCl (2)[\/latex]\n

      We gather the following information on the process:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Name<\/th>\nFormula<\/th>\nMolecular Weight (g\/mol)<\/th>\nPrice (USD\/tonne)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Ethene<\/td>\n[latex]C_{2}H_{4}[\/latex]<\/td>\n28.05<\/td>\n733<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Chlorine<\/td>\n[latex]Cl_{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n70.91<\/td>\n240<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Dichloroethane<\/td>\n[latex]C_{2}H_{4}Cl_{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n98.96<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Hydrogen Chloride<\/td>\n[latex]HCl[\/latex]<\/td>\n36.46<\/td>\n140<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Vinyl Chloride<\/td>\n[latex]C_{2}H_{3}Cl[\/latex]<\/td>\n62.50<\/td>\n750<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nAssume as well that our production costs are [latex]200\\frac{USD}{tonne}[\/latex] of VC produced, and assume our VC production plant costs [latex]50,000,000 USD[\/latex] to build. Note these values usually depend on the size of the plant, location, and other factors.\n\nCreate an input-output diagram of the process.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      Solution<\/h3>\nWe know that one of the product streams will be 360,000 tonnes\/yr of vinyl chloride. Hydrogen chloride is produced in a 1:1 molar ratio with vinyl chloride:\n\n[latex]VC = 360,000 tonnes\/yr*\\frac{tonne-mol}{62.50 tonnes} = 5,760\\frac{tonne-mol}{yr}[\/latex]\n\n[latex]HCl = 5,760\\frac{tonne-mol}{yr}*36.46\\frac{tonnes}{tonne-mol}=210,000\\frac{tonnes}{yr}[\/latex]\n\nSimilarly for ethane and chlorine, we get:\n\n[latex]C_{2}H_{4} = 5,760\\frac{tonne-mol}{yr}*28.05\\frac{tonnes}{tonne-mol}=162,000\\frac{tonnes}{yr}[\/latex]\n\n[latex]Cl_{2} = 5,760\\frac{tonne-mol}{yr}*70.91\\frac{tonnes}{tonne-mol}=408,000\\frac{tonnes}{yr}[\/latex]\n\nFrom this and the information in the table, we get the following input-output diagram:\n\n\"\"\n\n<\/div>\n \n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","rendered":"
      <\/div>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

      \n

      By the end of this section, you should be able to:<\/p>\n

      Create <\/strong>input-output diagrams<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      Input-Output Diagrams<\/h2>\n

      These diagrams are considered to be the simplest of process flow sheets. In input-output diagrams, the entire process is represented by 1 block only. They usually only reference the main process streams in and out of a process.<\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n

      Example: Ammonia Production Input-output Diagram<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

      \n

      Consider an ammonia production process where 3 main streams of raw materials enter the process:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • 700 tons\/day of methane<\/li>\n
      • 1590 tons\/day of water<\/li>\n
      • 1650 tons\/day of nitrogen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        The process produces 2 main product streams:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • 2000 tons\/day of ammonia<\/li>\n
        • 1940 tons\/day of carbon dioxide<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          We can put together the following input-output diagram for this process:<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

           <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          \n
          <\/div>\n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n

          Exercise: Benzene Production Input-output Diagram<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n

          Consider a process where toluene is fed into a process at 1000 kg\/hr and hydrogen is fed at 82 kg\/hr. The following reaction takes place in the process:<\/p>\n

          [latex]C_{7}H_{8} + H_{2} \u27a1 C_{6}H_{6} + CH_{4}[\/latex]<\/p>\n

          The reaction achieves 75% conversion and the products of the process are separated into 2 streams. The first product stream is benzene, exiting at 821 kg\/hr. The second product stream is a mixed gas stream (including the unreacted reactants and by-products) exiting at 261 kg\/hr. Draw an input-output diagram for this process.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          \n
          \n
          \n
          \n

          Solution<\/h3>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n
          \n

          Exercise: Production of Vinyl Chloride<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

          \n

          Our client wants to produce 360,000 tonnes\/yr (800 million lbs\/yr) of vinyl chloride monomer. We decide to use the following reaction pathway, which contains two reaction steps as follows:<\/p>\n

          [latex]C_{2}H_{4} + Cl_{2} \u2192 C_{2}H_{4}Cl_{2} (1)[\/latex]<\/p>\n

          [latex]C_{2}H_{4}Cl_{2} \u2192 C_{2}H_{3}Cl + HCl (2)[\/latex]<\/p>\n

          We gather the following information on the process:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Name<\/th>\nFormula<\/th>\nMolecular Weight (g\/mol)<\/th>\nPrice (USD\/tonne)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Ethene<\/td>\n[latex]C_{2}H_{4}[\/latex]<\/td>\n28.05<\/td>\n733<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Chlorine<\/td>\n[latex]Cl_{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n70.91<\/td>\n240<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Dichloroethane<\/td>\n[latex]C_{2}H_{4}Cl_{2}[\/latex]<\/td>\n98.96<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Hydrogen Chloride<\/td>\n[latex]HCl[\/latex]<\/td>\n36.46<\/td>\n140<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Vinyl Chloride<\/td>\n[latex]C_{2}H_{3}Cl[\/latex]<\/td>\n62.50<\/td>\n750<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Assume as well that our production costs are [latex]200\\frac{USD}{tonne}[\/latex] of VC produced, and assume our VC production plant costs [latex]50,000,000 USD[\/latex] to build. Note these values usually depend on the size of the plant, location, and other factors.<\/p>\n

          Create an input-output diagram of the process.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          Solution<\/h3>\n

          We know that one of the product streams will be 360,000 tonnes\/yr of vinyl chloride. Hydrogen chloride is produced in a 1:1 molar ratio with vinyl chloride:<\/p>\n

          [latex]VC = 360,000 tonnes\/yr*\\frac{tonne-mol}{62.50 tonnes} = 5,760\\frac{tonne-mol}{yr}[\/latex]<\/p>\n

          [latex]HCl = 5,760\\frac{tonne-mol}{yr}*36.46\\frac{tonnes}{tonne-mol}=210,000\\frac{tonnes}{yr}[\/latex]<\/p>\n

          Similarly for ethane and chlorine, we get:<\/p>\n

          [latex]C_{2}H_{4} = 5,760\\frac{tonne-mol}{yr}*28.05\\frac{tonnes}{tonne-mol}=162,000\\frac{tonnes}{yr}[\/latex]<\/p>\n

          [latex]Cl_{2} = 5,760\\frac{tonne-mol}{yr}*70.91\\frac{tonnes}{tonne-mol}=408,000\\frac{tonnes}{yr}[\/latex]<\/p>\n

          From this and the information in the table, we get the following input-output diagram:<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

           <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-45","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":30,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/45","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/45\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/45\/revisions\/46"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/30"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/45\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=45"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=45"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=45"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}