{"id":138,"date":"2020-06-25T12:37:46","date_gmt":"2020-06-25T12:37:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/chapter\/reaction-chemistry-chapter-review-v2\/"},"modified":"2026-03-16T13:50:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T13:50:14","slug":"reaction-chemistry-chapter-review-v2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/chapter\/reaction-chemistry-chapter-review-v2\/","title":{"raw":"Reaction Chemistry Chapter Review","rendered":"Reaction Chemistry Chapter Review"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Important Equations<\/h2>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 211px\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 16px\">Reaction rate<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 16px;text-align: center\">[latex] r = \\frac{1}{\\nu}\\frac{d[J]}{dt} [\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Extent of reaction<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px;text-align: center\">[latex] d n_{j} = \\nu_{j} d\\xi [\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Relating extent of reaction with reaction rate<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px;text-align: center\">[latex]r = \\frac{1}{V} \\frac{d\\xi}{dt} = \\frac{1}{\\nu_{j}} \\frac{1}{V} \\frac{dn_{j}}{dt}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Rate law (general form)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]r=k_{r}[A]^a[B]^b[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]r=k_{r}p_{A}^a p_{B}^b[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Zeroth-order rate law<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px;text-align: center\">[latex][A]-[A]_{0}=-k_{r}*t[\/latex]\n\n[latex][A]=[A]_{0}-k_{r}*t[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">First-order rate law<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]ln[A]-ln[A]_{0}=-k_{r}*t[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex][A]=[A]_{0}e^{-k_{r}*t}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Second-order rate law<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]\\frac{1}{[A]}-\\frac{1}{[A]_{0}}=k_{r}*t[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex][A]=\\frac{[A]_{0}}{1+k_{r}*t*[A]_{0}}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Equilibrium constant<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]K\\;\\; or\\;\\; K_{eq}=\\prod_{i} a_{i,eq}^{vi}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]K=\\frac{k_{r}}{k'_{r}} \\;\\;,c^\\theta\\text{is used for unit consistency}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]k'_{r}[product]_{eq}^{p}=k_{r}[reactant]_{eq}^{r}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Arrhenius equation<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">[latex]ln(k_{r})=ln(A)-\\frac{E_{a}}{RT}[\/latex]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]k_{r}=Ae^{-\\frac{E_{a}}{RT}}[\/latex]<\/p>\nLinear form:\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex] ln(k_{r}) = -\\frac{E_{a}}{R} * \\frac{1}{T} + ln(A) [\/latex]<\/p>\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px\">Simplification for temperature dependency calculations: <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">[latex]ln(\\frac{k_{r2}}{k_{r1}})=\\frac{E_{a}}{R}(\\frac{1}{T_{1}}-\\frac{1}{T_{2}})[\/latex]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Unimolecular rate law<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px;text-align: center\">[latex]A\u2192P:\\;\\;-\\frac{d[A]}{dt}=k_{r}*[A][\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 30px\">Biomolecular rate law<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 30px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]A+B\u2192P:\\;\\;-\\frac{d[A]}{dt}=k_{r}*[A]*[B][\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]A+A\u2192P:\\;\\;-\\frac{d[A]}{dt}=k_{r}*[A]^2[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Kinetic control<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">If [latex]k_{e1},k_{e2}\\text{&lt;&lt;}k_{r1},k_{r2}[\/latex]:\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]\\frac{[P_{1}]}{[P_{2}]}=\\frac{k_{r1}}{k_{r2}}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Thermodynamic control<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">If [latex]k_{e1},k_{e2}&gt;&gt;k_{r1},k_{r2}[\/latex]:\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]\\frac{[P_{1}]}{[P_{2}]}=\\frac{k_{e1}}{k_{e2}}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Terms to Know:<\/h2>\nThe original version of this chapter contained H5P content. You may want to remove or replace this element.","rendered":"<h2>Important Equations<\/h2>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 211px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 16px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 16px\">Reaction rate<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 16px;text-align: center\">[latex]r = \\frac{1}{\\nu}\\frac{d[J]}{dt}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Extent of reaction<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px;text-align: center\">[latex]d n_{j} = \\nu_{j} d\\xi[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Relating extent of reaction with reaction rate<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px;text-align: center\">[latex]r = \\frac{1}{V} \\frac{d\\xi}{dt} = \\frac{1}{\\nu_{j}} \\frac{1}{V} \\frac{dn_{j}}{dt}[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Rate law (general form)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]r=k_{r}[A]^a[B]^b[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]r=k_{r}p_{A}^a p_{B}^b[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Zeroth-order rate law<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px;text-align: center\">[latex][A]-[A]_{0}=-k_{r}*t[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>[latex][A]=[A]_{0}-k_{r}*t[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">First-order rate law<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]ln[A]-ln[A]_{0}=-k_{r}*t[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex][A]=[A]_{0}e^{-k_{r}*t}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Second-order rate law<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]\\frac{1}{[A]}-\\frac{1}{[A]_{0}}=k_{r}*t[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex][A]=\\frac{[A]_{0}}{1+k_{r}*t*[A]_{0}}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Equilibrium constant<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]K\\;\\; or\\;\\; K_{eq}=\\prod_{i} a_{i,eq}^{vi}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]K=\\frac{k_{r}}{k'_{r}} \\;\\;,c^\\theta\\text{is used for unit consistency}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]k'_{r}[product]_{eq}^{p}=k_{r}[reactant]_{eq}^{r}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Arrhenius equation<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">[latex]ln(k_{r})=ln(A)-\\frac{E_{a}}{RT}[\/latex]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]k_{r}=Ae^{-\\frac{E_{a}}{RT}}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>Linear form:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]ln(k_{r}) = -\\frac{E_{a}}{R} * \\frac{1}{T} + ln(A)[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">Simplification for temperature dependency calculations: <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">[latex]ln(\\frac{k_{r2}}{k_{r1}})=\\frac{E_{a}}{R}(\\frac{1}{T_{1}}-\\frac{1}{T_{2}})[\/latex]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Unimolecular rate law<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px;text-align: center\">[latex]A\u2192P:\\;\\;-\\frac{d[A]}{dt}=k_{r}*[A][\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 30px\">Biomolecular rate law<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 30px\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]A+B\u2192P:\\;\\;-\\frac{d[A]}{dt}=k_{r}*[A]*[B][\/latex]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]A+A\u2192P:\\;\\;-\\frac{d[A]}{dt}=k_{r}*[A]^2[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Kinetic control<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">If [latex]k_{e1},k_{e2}\\text{<<}k_{r1},k_{r2}[\/latex]:\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]\\frac{[P_{1}]}{[P_{2}]}=\\frac{k_{r1}}{k_{r2}}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Thermodynamic control<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">If [latex]k_{e1},k_{e2}>>k_{r1},k_{r2}[\/latex]:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]\\frac{[P_{1}]}{[P_{2}]}=\\frac{k_{e1}}{k_{e2}}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Terms to Know:<\/h2>\n<p>The original version of this chapter contained H5P content. You may want to remove or replace this element.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":10,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-138","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":97,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":139,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138\/revisions\/139"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/97"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/138\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=138"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=138"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryresources.nse.org.ng\/chbe220\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}